The Biological Basis of Language Development Essay -- Health Medicine

The Biological Basis of Language Development "The principles and rules of grammar are the means by which the forms of language are made to correspond with the universal froms of thought....The structures of every sentence is a lesson in logic." BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF LANGUAGE "[H]uman knowledge is organized de facto by linguistic competence through language performance, and our exploration of reality is always mediated by language" (Danchin 29). Most higher vertebrates possess ‘intuitive knowledge’ which occurs as the result of slow evolution of species. However, the ability to create knowledge through language is unique to humans. According to Benjamin Whorf, "language†¦. is not merely a reproducing instrument from voicing ideas but rather is itself the shaper of ideas†¦. We dissect nature along lines laid down by language" (Joseph 249). In addition, the development and acquisition of language seems to be related to "complex sequential processing, and the ability to form concepts and to classify a single stimulus in a multiple manner" (Joseph 178). Antione Danchin suggests that the knowledge we create through language allows us distinguish ourselves from the rest of the world to produce models of reality, which become more and more adequate due to the "self-referent loop" which enables us to understand ourselves as objects under study. This "path from subject to object," which is common to all humans, Danchin claims, suggests the existence of a universal feature of language (29). Biological foundation of language may contribute significantly to such universality. The issue here is not whether language is innate, for, clearly, language must be learned. Nor is the issue whether the aptitude for learning a la... ...guage. Vol 58(2) 265-326, Jun 1997.    Modgil, Sohan and Celia Modgil. Noam Chomsky: Consensus and Controversy. New York: The Falmer Press, 1987. Persson, Inga-Britt. Connectionism, language production and adult aphasia: elaboration of a connectionist framework for lexical processing and a hypothesis of agrammatic aphasia. Helsinki, Finland: Societas Scientiarum Fennica, 1995. Schachter, Jacquelyn. Some semantic prerequisites for a model of language. Brain & Language. Vol 3(2) 292-304, Apr 1976. Schnitzer, Marc L. Toward a neurolinguistic theory of language. Brain & Language. Vol 6(3) 342-361, Nov 1978.    Skinner, B. F. Verbal behavior. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1970. Vocate, Donna R. The Theory of A.R. Luria: Functions of Spoken Language in the Development of Higher Mental Process. Hillsdale[NJ]: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., 1987.

Medea: power of women a mythological context

Medea is the sorceress born to King Aeetes of Colchis and is said to be the granddaughter of Helios the god of Sun. Jason sought the golden ram’s fleece belonging to Aeetes’, in the process of earning the same as per conditions laid down by the King, Medea fell in love with Jason and assisted him in obtaining the fleece through her magical powers on the conditions that he married her. On obtaining the fleece, Jason fled the Kingdom with Medea and Absyrtis, her younger brother. To prevent Aeetes, from successfully pursuing them, Medea killed her younger brother and scattered his body in pieces so that her father’s men had to perforce stop to collect the pieces and give a decent burial to Absyrtis. The couple then settled in Corinth and Medea bore two sons to Jason. When Jason decided to marry the daughter of the king of Corinth, Creon, and Medea killed her as well as her own children borne from Jason to spite him in the harshest possible way. After the killing she took refuge with Aegeus, the king of Athens and bore him a son Medus, but finally failed in killing the elder son of Aegeus, thereby again having to flee from her husband. Medus later became the king of Media. The mythological tale of Medea provides a perspective of the role of women in Greek society and their pursuit to break away from a life given to serving the needs of men be it in the role of the daughter, sister, wife or mother. Viewing Greek Gender Role through the myth of Medea Medea’s struggle is that of a mythological woman in ancient times attempting to take control of her own life through a series of personal as well as public travails. The irony lies in it denoting, that to gain influence in society a woman has to be a force of evil, a sorceress with super natural powers granted as an exception rather than an emancipated position for all women folk. Medea thus embodies the opposite of the traditional gender role for women in Greek society rejecting the status quo, the stereo type of women being powerless and having to do the bidding of their male relatives and ultimately rules made by society for them. The traditional role granted to Greek women in mythology is that of a, â€Å"helper maiden† (Clauss and Iles (Ed), 1997, 13).   Some other views of gender roles indicate that women had a passive, domestic, emotional and somewhat irrational role to play while the male function was indicated as being active, reasonable, and rational and representing the public face. Medea attempts to carve an independent role not just for herself but for Greek women as a whole, however she is perhaps one of the few exceptions of her times and other women are unable to support her personal conviction. In assuming an independent role for herself, Medea highlights to Jason that had he perhaps told her about his intent of second marriage, things would have been different, though Jason naturally scoffs at this suggestion of hers as, â€Å"Oh yes, if I'd told you of the wedding, I'm sure you would have lent me fine support. Even now you can't stand to set aside that huge rage in your heart.† (Johnston, Nd) Medea highlights her fierce independence by rejecting the second non consensual marriage of Jason and also his offer to provide for her if she can only request him for help. She totally refuses to plead him, despite his generous offer, as Jason states, â€Å"All right, but I call the gods to witness I'm willing to help you and the children. But you reject my goods and stubbornly push away your friends, and that the reason you suffer still more pain.† (Johnston, Nd) Medea in relation to Peers Medea’s attempt to review the role of women has been epitomized in the struggle against the stereo type, feminine role in Greek mythology. This role confined women to being a wife, a bearer of children and one who continues to be miserable both before and after matrimony. Unlike other women, who perhaps accept their fate, Medea laments that, â€Å"First, we need a husband, someone we get for an excessive price. He then becomes the ruler of our bodies. ___ For a divorce loses women all respect, yet we can't refuse to take a husband. __ But if the marriage doesn't work, then death is much to be preferred. ___ We women have to look at just one man.† (Johnston, Nd) Medea detests the role of the female as a womb for the children of her husband; however she assumed these thoughts only after she has been scorned by her husband who has taken another women. She represents a women scorned, thus, â€Å"In other things a woman may be timid—in watching battles or seeing steel, but when she's hurt in love, her marriage violated, there's no heart more desperate for blood than hers.† (Johnston, Nd) But then women in Greek society are not supposed to complain against such injustice. And her lament bore no fruit as in the classical Greek tradition, the women who rebels is expelled from society, thus Creon says, â€Å"You there, Medea, scowling in anger against your husband. I'm ordering you out of Corinth. You must go into exile, and take those two children of yours with you.† (Johnston, Nd) To Medea this is dual injustice as she has lost her husband to another woman and for protesting has been expelled from Corinth. Women in Corinth as the King told Medea had to suffer in silence. They had to be redeemed by bearing children for their husbands, through charity, sober behavior and faith. This very lucidly highlights the Greek view that women have no right to protest in case their husband has abandoned them and have to suffer in solitude. The key issue is thus lack of choice to women while not for men. Medea however succeeds in gaining power through her role as a sorceress. Thus by her knowledge of herbs and health potions, she is able to gain control of her adversaries as well as her loved ones. These potions have power to heal, denoted as magic in mythology. This is one element of power which has been invariably granted to women in Greece, given their greater knowledge of the value and utility of different types of herbs. Another allusion to the power of women expressed by being a sorceress is Medea’s killings, first her brother, than Jason’s second wife and her own children. The power of causing death which is a negative influence is generally seen to be granted to the male in Greek mythology through his ability to wage war and victory. Medea aspires to and gains this power through her facility with potions, causing death with equanimity. This is the power of evil, so be it feels the scorned women, for perhaps in ancient Greece that is the only power that women could aspire for. By assuming an active role in each of her joint encounters with Jason, whether it is in assisting him in gaining hold of the golden ram’s fleece, getting away from her father, seeking a second marriage or in getting her son Medus a say in the kingdom of Athens, it is the active role played by Medea, rather than normal passivity which is associated with women in Greece which is significant. Medea is so dominantly active, that she even gives an impression to Jason that in case he had sought her consent to marry a second time; she would have perhaps accorded him the same. This active position is undertaken through the path of evil, as a sorceress.   This was perhaps natural given the times in which Medea lived, representing exception rather than the aspirations of a large proportion of her gender who were perhaps satisfied to remain within the confines of the traditional role granted to them by society of looking after the home and hearth. This route of evil to gain power as a woman may be faulted but perhaps it has to be placed in the context of Medea as a woman having no other option in ancient Greece. Reference 1. Johnston, Ian. (Translation). No Date (Nd). Euripides Medea. http://www.mala.bc.ca/~johnstoi/euripides/medea.htm 2.Clauss, James J. Johnston, Sarah Iles. Eds. 1997. Medea: Essays on Medea in Myth, Literature, Philosophy and Art. Princeton. Princeton University Press. 3. Foley, Helene P. 2002. Female Acts in Greek Tragedy. Princeton. Princeton University Press. ; ;

The Importance Of Effective Communication For Different...

The definition of communication necessarily involves â€Å"an exchange of ideas and an ability to stimulate meaning for the recipient of the message†(Grover, 2005). Effective communication can be influenced by varies components such as gender, hierarchy, trust, self-disclosure, empathy, mutuality and context. This paper will discuss the importance for nurses to use effective communication skills in regards to different social groups and use specific interpersonal strategy. Additionally it identifies how nurses can enhance their communication skills to prevent potential communication barriers between a nurse and patient thus resolving problems or conflicts with effective problem-solving strategies (Davis, 2009). Nurses are extremely human-oriented occupations. The responsibility for nurse, unlike doctors who concentrate more on operations, are to take care of patients and respond to their needs and requirements, prevent detriments and restore them to previous health conditions. The nature of this job allows nurses to â€Å"hear patient’s secrets from frightened human beings that they are afraid to tell anyone else†(shipley, 2010). The concept of listening is significant for nursing care, it is not limited to identifying information in a verbal phrase but interpreting on both verbal and non-verbal messages delivered or hidden in a sentence. Effective listening requires focused and accurate attention to the content of the patients’ messages, as well as their emotional and mental needsShow MoreRelated The Importance of Improving Communication Skills in the Business World998 Words   |  4 PagesMy biggest challenge while trying to move up the corporate ladder is interpersonal communication with co-workers and presentation speeches in front of the owners and financial managers. During my childhood, I did not have the opportunity to communicate with my parents or examples of loud arguments and negative personal attacks. Humans develop lan guage and social skills from its surroundings so I guess I can blame mine on my dysfunctional family. At least I did almost five years ago. When the DirectorRead MoreBSHE 500 Take Home Exam 1 Essay1689 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿The social ecological framework was presented in class as providing many possible avenues for research and program implementation.   Using the required readings and lectures, write about the pros and cons of a social ecological framework for understanding health behaviors and designing health promotion programs. Your analysis should lead to a conclusion about the framework. The social ecological framework comprises of person-focused and environment-focused interventions designed to promote healthRead MoreTools in Communication in Organization1476 Words   |  6 PagesTools of communication in organization Introduction Organizations are made up of people and each person receives information and processes them in different ways, and it is important that in every organization we have different tools to communicate with each other, and we have to make it sure that every message is understood by everyone to have a better implementation. Communication is one of the key to an organization s success. So it is important to know how to have effective communication withRead MoreHigh Energy Level And High Levels1559 Words   |  7 Pagesstress help managers cope with the hectic pace, long hours and unrelenting demands of most managerial jobs. Physical vitality and emotional resilience make it easier to cope with stressful interpersonal situations such as a punitive boss, a troubled subordinate, an uncooperative peer or a hostile client. Effective problem solving requires an ability to remain calm and stay focused on a problem rather than panicking, denying the problem exists or attempting to shift responsibility to someone else (BassRead MoreDeveloping Positive Relationships And Building Class Cohesion1119 Words   |  5 PagesDeveloping a positive relationship with students ensures a mutual respect is developed. Control trust and intimacy are viewed as core dimensions of interpersonal relationships. Students who perceiv ed their teachers as exhibiting higher levels of ‘shared control, trust and intimacy reported greater learning’ (Dobransky Frymier, 2004). Thus proving the importance of developing a positive relationship with students within the classroom. A child identifies themselves firstly through their name. It is essentialRead MoreHealth and Social Care Level 31993 Words   |  8 PagesModel Assignment (Learner Extract) Issued September 2012 OCR Level 3 Cambridge Technicals in Health and Social Care Unit 1: developing effective communication in health social care Please note: This OCR Cambridge model assignment may be used to provide evidence for the unit identified above. Alternatively, centres may ‘tailor’ or modify the assignment within permitted parameters (see Information for Teachers). It is the centre’s responsibility to ensure that any modificationsRead MoreEssay about Improving Education through Cultural Diversity1087 Words   |  5 PagesIn today’s society, cultural diversity is important as it was many centuries ago. According to dictionary, cultural diversity is the coexistence of different culture, ethnic, race, gender in one specific unit. In order, for America to be successful, our world must be a multicultural world. This existence starts within our learning facilities where our students and children are educated. This thesis is â€Å"changing the way America, sees education through cultural diversity, has been co existing inRead MoreSocial Stereotypes And Cultural Stereotypes1282 Words   |  6 Pagesours elves, as far as we can, in that particular historical and cultural background. ... It is not easy for a person of one country to enter into the background of another country† (1956). Thus, to fully communicate effectively with someone of a different background , it is important also, to ultimately understand the stereotype of their culture. Nehru understood the idea that if cultural stereotypes are not taken into account by the foreigner, it is likely that detrimental effects occurring fromRead MoreUnit 1 Health and Social Care16199 Words   |  65 PagesDeveloping effective communication in health and social care LO1 Understand effective communication and interpersonal interaction in health and social care contexts of communication forms of communication interpersonal interaction communication and language needs and preferences LO2 Understand factors that inï ¬â€šuence communication and interpersonal interaction in health and social care environments theories of communication environmental factors affecting communication barriers to communication 2 DevelopingRead MoreImportance Of Entrepreneurship During The 21st Century Essay1572 Words   |  7 Pages IMPORTANCE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP In the last two decades, the citizen sector has discovered what the industry learned long ago: Nothing is as powerful as a new idea in the hands of a first-class businessman. Social entrepreneurs are individuals with innovative solutions to the most pressing social problems of the solutions of the company. They are ambitious and persistent, tackling major social issues and offering new ideas for big changes. Instead the social needs of the government

Imperialism The Age Of New Imperialism - 1048 Words

Imperialism is defined as a strong economic and political empire takes over a weaker economic and political empire. Stronger empires conquered weaker empires to industrialize the land and to weaken other threating empires. To build a strong empire, a nation must use their military power to conquer a weaker nation, take the supplies and goods to support the mother nation, and use the supplies and goods to benefit your own empire by conquering even more empires. Imperialism did not begin in the twentieth century, imperialism has been around as early as the sixteenth century. The Imperialism in early sixteenth century is referred to as the â€Å"Age of Old Imperialism†. The Imperialism that is going to be referred to in this paper is going to be known as the â€Å"Age of New Imperialism†. This new trend of Imperialism leads us into the question of why did the Europeans want to be Imperialistic? Europeans wanted to be Imperialistic because of economic and industrialization interest, political and military interest and for cultural interest. The European nations were reaching their peak in power, while China and India were reaching their low points in power. These new causes of Imperialism is what divided the weaker empires from the stronger empires in the early 20th century. Approaching into the late 19th century, all the current powerful empires wanted to stay on top. It was necessary for European nations to industrialize weaker nations for economic expansion. Every nation wanted toShow MoreRelatedThe Age Of New Imperialism1944 Words   |  8 PagesThe ‘Age of New Imperialism’ in Britain was a time of prosperity and total domination. Compared to previous years of imperialism, this period was focused primarily on benefitting the colonial power, Britain, instead of establishing new settlements. Even though the British imperialism of the late 19th century/early 20th century brought great wealth, knowledge, and technological advancements to the country, it was at the expense of many ‘other’ people in the empire. Britain, and Europe as a wholeRead MoreThe Age Of America s New Imperialism1668 Words   |  7 PagesImperialism in the 1890s The 1890’s was the age of America’s new imperialism. The idea of imperialism resulted from the belief of Manifest Destiny, the idea of expanding America’s frontier from coast to coast was destined by God. The continuation of filling up western land created a closed frontier, pushing America to expand to other places outside of the mainland. The principle of expanding to other areas was to help America become a world power. The closing of the frontier was introduced byRead MoreEssay on Imperialism: From Europe to The West1514 Words   |  7 PagesEarly in the twentieth century, imperialism was brought up by European powers of the time; Germany, Great Britain, France, and Russia. These nations were after raw materials in Asia, Africa, and South America and when they realize that they could not retrieve it, they began to colonize smaller counties that contain the many resources they need and used it for their benefit. Western values played a big part in European imperialism. European civilization experienced a period of extraordinary rapidRead More The Compelling Motives of European Imperialism Essay794 Words   |  4 PagesThe Compelling Motives of Imperialism The presence of Europe in Africa in the late nineteenth century was one of extreme power. The countries of France, Britain, and Germany had especially large claims to the African continent during this time. The motives of imperialism for these countries greatly define Europe at this time. Insatiable desires for economic markets, power and political struggles, the motivating belief in Social Darwinism, and the European idea of superiority were the drivingRead MoreNegative Effects Of Imperialism1139 Words   |  5 Pagesevents are talked about. That just shows what imperialism causes. Imperialism is when a dominant country seeks to increase their size and forces (either by war or diplomacy) a smaller country to submit to their rule. The Age of Imperialism began in the 1870s and went until World War 1. During this time imperialism was very prevalent and the events that took place during this time had lasting effects and still affect us to this day. While imperialism could be seen as beneficial, especially to theRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Imperialism884 Words   |  4 PagesImperialism. Noun. A policy of extending a country’s power and influence through diplomacy or military force. Imperialism is an age-old practice in which powerful countries will engulf or take over smaller weaker countries to expand their empire. New imperialism has the same idea, but it would have started in the 1870’s and the motive to continue this practice was heavily economic. Imperial powers will expand their empire for many different reasons, the victims or the colonist will make an attemptRead More George Orwells Shooting an Elephant as an Attack on Colonialism and Imperialism842 Words   |  4 PagesGeorge Orwells Shooting an Elephant as an Attack on Colonialism and Imperialism    The glorious days of the imperial giants have passed, marking the death of the infamous and grandiose era of imperialism. George Orwells essay, Shooting an Elephant, deals with the evils of imperialism. The unjust shooting of an elephant in Orwells story is the central focus from which Orwell builds his argument through the two dominant characters, the elephant and its executioner. The British officer, theRead MoreEuropean Imperialism - Dbq Essay804 Words   |  4 Pagesthe history of the world, imperialism has played a major role. Imperialism is one country’s complete domination of the political, economic, and social life of another country. Imperialism has many positive and negative effects. The Age of Imperialism is considered 1800 - 1914. During this time Europe became a major world leader. European countries set up colonies all over Africa, Latin America, and Asia, and encouraged their citizens to populate them. European imperialism boosted Europe’s economyRead Mo reImpact Of Globalization On Journalism On A Global Scale1677 Words   |  7 Pagesglobalisation, technological revolution and democratisation. In all three of these areas media and communication play a central, perhaps even defining role. (McChesney, 2001) Neoliberalism and imperialism falls under the same category when understanding the contemporary media industries, they define how our news is interpreted and presented to the general public or audience. Neoliberalism is a running thread throughout much of the volume, across and the thematic sections which include power and democracyRead MoreEconomic Imperialism and Colonial Control in Canada1363 Words   |  5 PagesEconomic Imperialism and Colonial Control in Canada Abstract Economic imperialism plays an important role in colonization. The goal of this paper is to discuss the colonial control of Canada and how economics played an important role in dispossession of indigenous people of Canada. The negative impact of economic imperialism included loss of land, disrupted communities and exploitation of natural resources. In all cases, Canadian natives had to suffer the consequences of colonization and economic

Standardized Testing Should Not Be Used - 1280 Words

Standardized Testing Any child that is in any type of schooling knows what standardized testing is. It is required in every state of America, and not a single child likes it. In recent years a controversial issue has been weather or not standardized testing should be used to judge a person’s intelligence. On one hand, many people believe that standardized testing should not be used because they say it is not a good way to judge a person’s real-world intelligence. On the other hand, however, others argue that standardized testing is an excellent way to predict a person’s intelligence. A professor at the University of Delaware named Linda S. Gottfredson wrote an article explaining the pros of standardized testing. In this article she states that standardized tests are a great tool for finding out how intelligent an individual is. While many people agree with her on that they do not think that intelligence has a direct correlation with how well a person is able to p erform a job. Gottfredson disagrees with this statement by saying that studies have been done proving that people with higher IQs are able to perform their jobs better than someone who has a lower one. She also goes against the idea of job training is more important that intelligence. According to Gottfredson this statement is implausible. Gottfredson herself writes â€Å"It is not feasible to break the link between intelligence and performance in training. More intelligent people learn complex tasks and knowledgeShow MoreRelatedStandardized Testing Should Not Be Used1330 Words   |  6 PagesStandardized Testing Any child that is in any type of schooling knows what standardized testing is. It is required in every state of America, and not a single child likes it. In recent years a controversial issue has been weather or not standardized testing should be used to judge a person’s intelligence. On one hand, many people believe that standardized testing should not be used because they say it is not a good way to judge a person’s real-world intelligence. On the other hand, however, othersRead MoreEmphasis on Standardized Testing Essay1525 Words   |  7 Pagesthroughout ones educational career, students are required to take standardized tests to show their progress and if they meet certain requirements they could qualify them for higher educational opportunities. Some common standardized test include: Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT), American College Testing (ACT), Medical College Admission Test (MCAT), Missouri Assessment Program (MAP), and Virginia Standards of Learning (SOL). Standardized tests are designed so that each person taking the test has theRead MoreEssay on Standardized Testing in Schools1399 Words   |  6 PagesViews on Standardized Testing Standardized testing has long been a controversial method of assessment in our schools. Such tests are important indicators of student achievement and aptitude. However, some standardized test scores have been misused as a manner in which to track students, allocate school funds, and even determine teacher pay. Standardized tests, when used appropriately and for the right reasons, can adequately determine a students present level of strengths and weaknesses and hisRead MoreStandardized Testing Is The Best Answer For Students985 Words   |  4 Pages Standardized testing in the United States education system went from a onetime only test called Compass test and has become a once a year maybe more test called the MEAP. There is much debate as to whether this frequency of testing is the best answer for students. This reoccurring testing can teach students valuable skills that would benefit the students later in life. People worry that every child is not the same and some test better than others, while others claim test taking is a skillRead MoreEvaluating The Utilization Of Standardized Testing Essay1395 Words   |  6 Pages There is much debate circulating around how the affairs of the american educational system should be conducted, specifically regarding the utilization of standardized testing. Supporters of standardized testing view it was an objective way to evaluate student achievement across the globe. (Jain, L. Role and Benefits of..) According to the US Department of Education,†If teachers cover subject matter required by the standards and teach it well, then students will master the material on which theyRead MoreStandardized Testing Is Not Beneficial1702 Words   |  7 PagesStandardized Testing In the world today standardized testing is mandatory in all schools whether they are public or private. If schools continue to make these test mandatory, students grades will show the reflection of what they are not learning. The school might also receive less state funding due to poor performance on these tests. Once No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) was introduced US students slipped from 18th in the world in math in 2000 to 31st in 2009 (Standardized). Standardized testingRead MoreStudent Assessment - The Importance of Standardized Testing Essay1149 Words   |  5 PagesThe point here is that standardized testing is necessary to evaluate students and programs achievement or ability. In my opinion it is a good basic start to understanding the development of human- kind in many aspects. For example, in a school setting, standardizing tests are used to measure developmental stages or reading levels, just to name a few. School Psychologist and Counselors use standardizing testing to look at the development of students. They will agree severe disabilities to be initiallyRead More The Controversy of Standardized Testing Essay1492 Words   |  6 PagesThe Controversy of Standardized Testing â€Å"No issue in the U.S. Education is more controversial than (standardized) testing. Some people view it as the linchpin of serious reform and improvement, others as a menace to quality teaching and learning† (Phelps). A tool that educators use to learn about students and their learning capabilities is the standardized test. Standardized tests are designed to give a common measure of a student’s performance. Popular tests include the SAT, IQ tests, RegentsRead More Problems With Standardized Testing Essay1454 Words   |  6 PagesIn Standardized Testing and Its Victims, an article written for Education Week, Alfie Kohn states: Standardized testing has swelled and mutated, like a creature in one of those old horror movies, to the point that it now threatens to swallow our schools whole.... Our children are tested to an extent that is unprecedented in our history and unparalleled anywhere else in the world. While previous generations of American students have had to sit through tests, never have the tests been given so frequentlyRead MoreAre Standardized Exams Sufficient as a Test of Knowledge?1186 Words   |  5 Pagesbrought up in the system of education is whether standardized exams are a good way to test the knowledge of a student and whether they should be given in a school to determine if a child advances. Standardized exams are a subject many people feel very strongly about. Some believe that it is stressful and time consuming; others consider that it can be beneficial. I believe that standardized exams should not be given to students and should not be used to determine the knowledge of students or advancement

A Study of factors affecting moving forward Free Essays

To properly critique this article, many guidelines are considered which include: data analysis and findings, discussion of the implication/recommendations, the statement of he problem, a literature review, hypothesis or research questions, description of conceptual/theoretical framework, research designs, sample and population, explanation of data collection and measurement, and explanation of procedures. Introduction Spinal cord injury (SIC) is a traumatic and devastating event in any person’s life (Chem., 2013). We will write a custom essay sample on A Study of factors affecting moving forward or any similar topic only for you Order Now Spinal cord injury might be partial or total, but whichever type can cause impairment of physical mobility leaving those affected with challenges of coping with rehabilitation. However, current treatment entities to focus in the provision of care in the acute stage and the prevention and (Chem., 2013) treatment of complications (Chem., 2013). SIC continues to impact the lives of those affected and their families socially, physically, mentally, and spiritually. Independence to the greatest ability of the patient is a long-term goal. By providing a multi-disciplinary team to treat a patient, it gives additional professional support to allow a more rounded, stronger, and more positive recovery. Although many scientists are studying nerve regeneration and conducting stem cell research (Chem., 201 3) for the retirement of SIC but the cure is still a long way off (Chem., 2013). However, self-perception, age, self-efficacy are factors influencing individuals with SIC to successfully moving forward without withdrawing from the society. Patients who effectively learn to cope and work with disabilities can then have a positive self-perception and achieve optimal self-efficacy. Today, asking questions, seeking answers, and implementing evidence-best practices will advance and guide how care is provided for the SIC patient with the goal of a more enriched life post-injury. Rehabilitation assists the individual to achieve he highest possible level of self-care and independence. This study was conducted in Taiwan, so it is vital to study the behaviors, cultures, and definitions when reviewing the literature. Varying health beliefs on illness and behavior are expected. The difference does not mean that the study is invalid or negative. The research design for this quantitative article Was a descriptive-correlation, cross-sectional study. They studied the relationships between â€Å"moving-forward behavior† and how it relates to age, demographics, and disease characteristics (Chem., 2013). Three characteristics were combined o define â€Å"moving-forward behavior: self-efficacy, self-perception, and social support. How to cite A Study of factors affecting moving forward, Papers

Human resource management for hospitality - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Human resource management for hospitality. Answer: Introduction The accommodation has been considered as one of the basic and prime necessities for any of the traveler. And hence, accommodation management has been considered as one of the integral roles in the hospitality business. And thus the business entities are required to provide accommodation facilities to the domestic and the international travelers. Governing authority that is focusing on the development of the tourism sector and also wants to bring enhancements in the quality of the services offered by the tourism sector brings reduction in the tax rates and an increase in the incentives for the hotels and related business organizations that are offering the accommodation services for the tourists (Pike Page, 2014). This will bring promotion to the construction of new hotels and resorts in the locality driving the growth in the tourism sector. For ensuring a good experience for the travelers the hospitality organizations are required to have a set of quality standards in the accommodat ion and the other facilities. The below-executed assessment has been made focused on the process of accommodation management in Ritz Carlton which is one of the premium service providers in the sector of hospitality. As per the description, the selected department is the Human resource on which the further investigation will be executed. Investigation in depth As per the description, the selected department for which the assessment has been executed is Human Resource (HR). Managing the workforce within the business organization has been considered as one of the prime role and responsibility of the HR department. HR managers and the executives are the whole and sole of the department who manage and operations all the functionalities within a business corporation. The HR team ensures and provides the business corporation with a pool of professional and skilled candidates. Accommodation management is one of the integral tasks for any of the hospitality business entity and HR department plays a significant role in this managing process. The accommodation manager is the authority that works in coordination with the HR manager and team for managing the budget, inventory, training of staff, ensuring quality standards for hygiene, health and safety are met in the hotel. These are some of the prime functions which are required to be executed by the HR department. Identification of roles, tasks, and functions of HR department The HR departments play the varied range of roles and responsibilities in any of the business corporation and the same as in the case of the hospitality sector. The HR department plays a crucial role in relation to accommodation management within Ritz Carlton (Mok, C., Sparks, B. and Kadampully, 2013). Some of the main functions executed by the HR department in context with the accommodation management are described as follows: Recruitment: One of the main functions of the HR department is to provide a pool of potential and skilled workforce to the business corporation that will enable the business corporation in performing the tasks and operations smoothly (Lhdesmki, 2012). A skilled and potential pool will aid Ritz Carlton in serving the tourists a set of standard quality services. The skilled and trained staff will be able to perform the tasks and the functions in an appropriate manner such as cleaning staff will be taking all the necessary precautions for maintaining hygiene in the rooms and the hotel premise. Safety: Safety and security of the workforce and the travelers or the tourists has been considered as one of the prime functions for the HR department in Ritz Carlton (Kandampully, Zhang, and Bilgihan, 2015). The staff should be provided with proper training sessions regarding all the safety measures and precautions that might be taken in any of the problematic situation. For instance, in case of a fire in the hotel, the staff should be well aware of all the necessary measures required to be taken for evacuating the customers or the tourists and other staff within the hotel premise (Lockyer, 2013). Maintaining health and safety: This function is required to be performed by the accommodation team within the business entity. The HR department plays a role in coordinator or aids the accommodation team in managing the functions and operations of maintaining health and safety. For instance, For instance, the HR department can provide training sessions to the cleaning staff for maintaining the level of hygiene and safety in the hotel rooms, rule sand strict policies can be adopted and implemented such as Health and safety act (Boella, 2017). Separate training and cooking sessions can be offered to the cooking and kitchen staff for bringing improvements in the quality of food and related services. Role of customer and customers needs Customer and the customers needs play an integral role in any of the business corporation and fulfillment of the same that too in an appropriate manner has been considered as one of an empirical task for the HR department. There is number of approaches and theories which can be adopted by the HR and the accommodation managers for ensuring the hotel staff is fulfilling and creating a positive experience for the customers which will be proven beneficial for the business corporation (Davis et al., 2013). The below mentioned are some of the steps which can be taken by the accommodation manager of Ritz Carlton for meeting the requirements of the consumers: One of the biggest need or requirement of any of the tourist is the quality of services and the hospitality offered by the staff of the hotel. This requirement has been considered as one of the main element which fulfills and makes the customer satisfied. The task is tough and will require numerous efforts to be made by the hotel staff. The hotel staff is required to be polite, professional and well skilled and for that, the HR department is required to make adoption of approaches. Moreover, the accommodation manager in coordination with the HR department can provide training sessions to the staff for being professional polite to the customers (Kotas, 2014). The HR department should hire potential and skilled staff and they should also be polite and kind by nature. The polite behavior will tend the customers to have a pleasant experience and fulfillment of the needs will also be done. This will increase repeat intention of the customers and an enhancement in the goodwill of the busin ess corporation will be observed. As Ritz Carlton is one of the premium brands in the hospitality sector, the business entity is found to have diversity in the customers (Legohrel, Fyall and Poutier, 2013). The hotel is found to have a diverse range of customers or tourists from different regions, nations etc. Maintaining this diversity is the tough task for the business corporation and for which the accommodation manager is required to provide the number of training sessions to the concerned staff. These training sessions can include advancing communication skills and learning different languages (Hoque, 2013), developing awareness regarding the customs and traditions of different economies and religions etc. A proper treatment should be provided to the tourists which will lead to the fulfillment of the needs of the consumers and will provide a positive experience. Another requirement of the tourists which is a top priority and should be fulfilled by the hotel staff is tasty and hygienic food services (Nickson, 2013). For providing the same the accommodation manager is required to organize training sessions for cooking multi-cuisines for the diverse range of tourists. Tasty and healthy food will provide a high level of customer satisfaction and positive experience. Outsourcing for HR department HR outsourcing has been considered as the contractual agreement between the employer and the third party that is the consultancy firm and under which the employer will transfer some of the HR functions to the third party. There is the varied range of outsourcing functions available for the HR and these outsourcing options are based on the various aspects of HR functions such as applicant tracking for affirmative purposes or broad as outsourcing the entire human resource department (Mok, Sparks and Kadampully, 2013). There is number of advantages and disadvantages of moving to an outsourced organization for the HR department of Ritz Carlton: Benefits Managing risk: Outsourcing will lead the HR department to make a transfer of the roles and responsibilities and the functions to be performed by them. The outsourcing will aid the business entity in minimizing the risks that are associated with the number of HR functions, such as changes in labor laws and employment. Cost and time saving: Reduction in the cost which is incurred in maintaining the non-revenue generating expenses is one of the priorities of the business firm and is also bringing a decline in the profit margins (Shrm 2018). Expenses related to supporting non-productive efforts are an attractive target for minimization or elimination. Outsourcing costs are varied in nature and can be reduced. Efficiency: Maintaining a productive and efficient workplace is one of the critical requirement or necessity for any of the business entity. The outsourcing firms make utilization of advanced technologies and mechanisms in streamlining the HR functions and thus will be developing and advancing the efficiency of the business corporation. Training and development: Training, developing and monitoring the workforce within the business entity is one of the critical tasks and is also cost incurring. The outsourcing firms can make adoption of performance improvement plans so as to bring enhancement in the skills and capabilities of the firm and that too in a cost-effective manner. Drawbacks Morale: One of the biggest reasons for the downfall in an employee's mind is when an outsourced employee joins the organization (content.wisestep 2016). The existing staff of Ritz Carlton can experience a decline in their morale as it can bring a decline in their wages, job losses pay cuts etc. Lack of in-house expertise: One of the biggest drawbacks of outsourcing the human resource is the lack of onsite experience and expertise, as when the new consultant is hired there is always a learning period which will act as a development period for the staff, where the employee will gain knowledge about the firm. And if this period is skipped, the entity will be experiencing a higher rate of risks of adopting changes that do not follow the attitudes and motives of the firm. This will incur higher expenses to the company and a large amount of loss will be suffered. Recommendations Outsourcing can be proven as a win-win option for Ritz Carlton and optg the same can be recommended for moving forward. The HR department will have to organize for various types of training sessions for the staff at the different level for upgrading the skills and capabilities so as to ensure the quality standards. Conclusion After summing up the above-executed analysis it has been inferred that the HR department plays an integral role for any of the business entity. There are various roles and responsibilities which are executed by the HR team and outsourcing can be considered as a viable option for HR department of Ritz Carlton. References Boella, M.J., 2017. Human resource management in the hotel and catering industry. Taylor Francis. content.wisestep, 2016, Top 15 pros and cons of outsourcing HR services, Assessed on 16th January 2018, ttps://content.wisestep.com/top-pros-cons-outsourcing-hr-services/. Davis, B., Lockwood, A., Pantelidis, I. and Alcott, P., 2013. Food and beverage management. Routledge. Hoque, K., 2013. Human resource management in the hotel industry: Strategy, innovation and performance. Routledge. Kandampully, J., Zhang, T and Bilgihan, A., 2015. Customer loyalty: a review and future directions with a special focus on the hospitality industry.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management.27(3). pp.379-414. Kotas, R., 2014. Management accounting for hotels and restaurants. Routledge. Lhdesmki, T., 2012. Rhetoric of unity and cultural diversity in the making of European cultural identity,International journal of cultural policy,18(1), pp.59-75. Legohrel, P., Fyall, A. and Poutier, E. eds., 2013. Revenue management for hospitality and tourism. Woodeaton: Goodfellow Publishers. Lockyer, T., 2013. The international hotel industry: Sustainable management. Routledge. Mok, C., Sparks, B. and Kadampully, J., 2013. Service quality management in hospitality, tourism, and leisure. Routledge. Mok, C., Sparks, B. and Kadampully, J., 2013.Service quality management in hospitality, tourism, and leisure. Routledge. Nickson, D., 2013. Human resource management for hospitality, tourism and events. Routledge. Pike, S. Page, S.J., 2014. Destination Marketing Organizations and destination marketing: A narrative analysis of the literature,Tourism management,41, pp.202-227. Shrm, 2018, Outsourcing the HR function, Assessed on 16th January 2018, https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/tools-and-samples/toolkits/pages/outsourcingthehrfunction.aspx